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The Birthday Paradox

How many people do you need in a room before there is a greater than 50% chance that two share the same birthday? Surprisingly few, as it happens.

Remo Giuffré's avatar
Remo Giuffré
Aug 04, 2025
∙ Paid
Lola Giuffré “celebrates” turning 4 in New York City on 20 March 1999

The birthday paradox (also known as the birthday problem) is a counterintuitive concept in probability theory that deals with the likelihood of two people sharing the same birthday within a group of people. Despite its name, it’s not actually a paradox but rather a surprising result.

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